Hesperiidae

OF BIOSECURITY CONCERN

Hesperioidea

Hesperiidae (skippers)

4,113 approximate described species

Worldwide except New Zealand, diverse in the tropics particularly Neotropical region

Araceae, Arecaceae, Musaceae, Poaceae, Liliaceae

Eyes with a complete marginal ring of reduced ommatidial facets; 3rd axillary sclerite at base of forewing wide and anteriorly indented forming a somewhat irregular Y-shaped structure, radial vein has 5 branches and 1 anal vein; hindwing R vein touching Sc basally forming a narrow cell (R and Sc veins are fused); small specialised area of scales on the upperside of hindwing (Common 1990, Kristensen 1999).

Atlas of Living Australia. National Research Infrastructure for Australia, NCRIS. http://www.ala.org.au/

ABRS 2009. Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/index.html

Butterflies and moths of North America, collecting and sharing data about Lepidoptera. National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Program and the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. http://butterfliesofamerica.com/links.htm

CSIRO Australian National Insect Collection Database. http://anic.ento.csiro.au/database/

CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences. Australian Moths Online. http://www1.ala.org.au/gallery2/main.php

Herbison-Evans D, Crossley S. Families of Moths in Australia. http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/moths.html

iBol Terrestrial Biosurveillance, Lepidoptera barcode of life. http://www.lepbarcoding.org/

Natural History Museum, The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/search/index.dsml

Plant Health Australia (2012) Combined High Priority Pest List from Industry Biosecurity Plans. In National Plant Biosecurity Status Report, last accessed June 2015. http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/biosecurity/emergency-plant-pests/pest-categorisation/categorised-pests/

The Barcode of Life Data Systems http://www.boldsystems.org/

Braby MF (2000) Butterflies of Australia: Their Identification, Biology and Distribution (vol. 1). CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia.

Common IFB (1990) In Moths of Australia, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

Holloway JD, Kibby G, Djunijanti P (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies, Fauna Malesiana handbook 3, The Netherlands.

Kristensen NP (ed) (1999) Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies: Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography (vol. 1). Handbook of Zoology, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (2015) Entomology Internal Target List. Australian Government Department of Agriculture.

Operational Science Program (2015) Entomology Internal Target List. Australian Government Department of Agriculture.

Plant Health Australia (2012) Combined High Priority Pest List from Industry Biosecurity Plans. In National Plant Biosecurity Status Report, last accessed June 2015. http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/biosecurity/emergency-plant-pests/pest-categorisation/categorised-pests/

Robinson GS, Ackery PR, Kitching IJ, Beccaloni GW, Hernández LM (2001) Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region, The Natural History Museum, London.

van Nieukerken EJ, Kaila L, Kitching IJ, Kristensen NP, Lees DC, et al. (2011) Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. Zootaxa. 3148: 212–221.